Do Your Part to Save the Planet With Environmental Courses!

Turn your passion for animals into a rewarding and challenging career with our Certificate of Animal Health Care . This course will equip you with an understanding of animal health care and basic veterinarian procedures, and is ideal for animal workers, vet assistants, animal technicians, farm or wildlife park workers, animal rescue staff, pet owners or anyone who loves our furry and feathered friends.

In this animal care course you will learn about the scope of services offered by animal health care providers, preventative health care, and how to identify common signs of ill health in domestic pets and farm animals. You will also study the safety measures, facilities and administrative tasks required in veterinary clinics, and the routine treatments and first aid performed by veterinary professionals.

Learning Outcomes

Outcomes achieved by undertaking an animal care course include:

• Learning about the nature, scope and terminology of veterinary services
• Exploring private veterinary practices
• Studying other veterinary and animal services – quarantine, laboratories, agriculture departments, educational, pharmaceutical companies, holiday care, breeders etc.
• Gaining insights into animal welfare control, code of practice and transporting animals
• Understanding common health problems in pets and farm animals
• Learning about causes of ill health, injury, conditions, nutritional problems, living organisms and parasites
• Exploring family pets and their common conditions
• Gaining an understanding of dogs, cats, caged birds, aquarium sit, mice, reptiles and wild animals
• Studying animal behaviour including in dogs – communication, scent, barking and body language
• Gaining insights into handling cats, bird language and types of behaviour
• Examining time and space orientation, aggression and territorial behaviour
• Understanding horse psychology
• Learning about the signs of ill health – vital signs, signs and symptoms and the diagnosis of diseases
• Exploring take smarts, tissues samples and the diagnosis and control of different types of diseases
• Gaining an understanding of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, mites and fleas
• Studying veterinary facilities – clinic, hospital, mobile facility, emergency facility etc.
• Gaining insights into First Aid kits – for diagnosis, instruments, medicines, preparations etc.
• Understanding record management
• Learning about enclosures for animals and environmental requirements
• Exploring safety procedures including Duty of Care, lifting heavy weights and reducing back injury
• Studying protective equipment, dealing with chemicals, skin penetrating injuries and risk categories
• Gaining insights into separating animals, the disposal of dead/infected tissues and dangerous non-animal wastes
• Understanding the storage and handling of medicines and handling larger animals
• Learning about the administration of animal health
• Exploring animal insurance, quarantine, importing animals and managing a veterinary office
• Studying telephone usage, record keeping and filing information
• Gaining insights into animal first aid including types of wounds, cuts, punctures and tears
• Understanding how to treat and clean wounds and granulating and stitching a wound
• Learning about broken bones, bone and joint problems, tendon injury and poisoning
• Exploring how to restrain animals during First Aid including cats, dogs, horses, cattle and sheep

And more!

Types of Wounds and How to Treat Them

When studying an animal care course, you will learn about wounds, including:

• Cuts – these can be incisions or incised wounds. Blood vessels are normally cut through, causing bleeding. Cuts may be shallow or deep. Shallow cuts may only damage veins, but a deep cut may damage an artery. If an artery is cut, haemorrhaging can be quite severe. Examples include a cut from a shearing blade, a sharp piece of glass or metal or a cut made by a veterinary surgeon during an operation.
• Blood vessels may not be damaged much at all, However, a puncture is more likely to be deep, while not affecting a great surface area. If a puncture is deep and hits an artery, bleeding can be severe, and it may result in death. However, deep punctures may not be such a serious problem if they miss arteries and avoid hitting any vital organs. Such wounds suppurate and tend to be associated with pain as the pus cannot escape. Examples include an accidental puncture made by a nail, stake, splinter, thorn or a bite from fighting.
• Blood vessels are stretched, but may not be broken. The walls of veins are elastic and able to stretch and recoil without breaking. Bleeding might not occur but if it does, it may be minimal. Tears are typically made by an animal pulling or catching on something such as barbed wire or from fighting.

Danger of Wounds

Wounds can result in a number of complications, including:

• When internal tissue is exposed, it is subject to being invaded by disease organisms from outside of the body. If such organisms gain a hold on the weakened tissue, a serious infection (for example, of bacteria), may develop and spread throughout the body. One of the greatest dangers is tetanus. Immunisation against tetanus is open of the most important measures that can be taken in terms of treating wounds
• Blood loss. Arteries or veins may be damaged by wounds. The damage may result in some loss of blood, but in a health animal, natural mechanisms will usually contain and repair such wounds. However, if an artery is damaged, the blood loss can be much greater, and the animal may bleed to death, unless it is promptly treated. Major bleeding from an artery will occur in pulsating spurts and will come from the side of the wound closest to the heart, and the blood will be bright red in colour. Bleeding should be reduced by applying a tourniquet between the heart and the wound, and the tourniquet should be released gently every four If the bleeding is from a vein it will flow out in a continuous sluggish stream and will come from the side of the wound further from the heart. The blood will be dark red in colour, and bleeding can usually be stopped by the application of a pressure bandage.
• Damage to important tissues. Deep wounds can physically damage important body organs, such as the heart or lung Shallower wounds may damage muscle tissue or nerves, causing a malfunction to occur (for example, a limb may not be able to move properly). Such wounds may be of minimal consequence to some farm animals, but may be of extremely serious consequence in other situations.

Treating Wounds

The first step in treating wounds is to control any bleeding. The wound should then be washed gently with warm water containing a non-irritating antiseptic like Hibitane or Halamid (iodine should not be used as it can irritate the flesh). The animal should then be treated with an antibiotic like penicillin or tetracycline.

For cuts or tears, the wound should be stitched and the animal should have the appropriate immunisation against tetanus. With punctures, foreign objects should be removed. For severe wounds, it is vital that a veterinary surgeon attends to the animal.

• Granulating wounds. Granulation tissue forms in the healing process of any wound. When infection or irritation is present, then excess growth of granulation tissue may result. Granulated flesh will often form as a wound heals. Failure to control these granulations can delay complete healing by up to several months. Granulations should be treated as soon as they appear by applying a daily dressing of a mild caustic solution. A suitable treatment can be made from twenty grams of zinc sulphate, ten grams of lead acetate and one litre of water. Topical ointments containing corticosteroids are also very useful. If granulation is excessive, a veterinary surgeon may treat it with a grafting of skin.
• Stitching a wound. This is typically done by a vet, however in some isolated situations and in an emergency, you may need to attempt it yourself. Wounds must be stitched as soon as possible before the skin dries (six to eight hours at most). This is usually done using a strong needle (a surgical or upholstery needle) and a thread such as linen. Your hands, the needle and thread should all be sterilised. Every stitch should be tied off separately — not a series tied at end. A long layer of thread should be left on each stitch, so they can be located for removal after healing. When the stitches are removed, swab the area with a disinfectant.
• A little fly repellant ointment, lotion or flint oil can be painted on a wound to keep flies away. Animals should be kept in a fly-proof enclosure if possible.

Gain a comprehensive knowledge base in animal health care to build a career working with animals in a health care setting with an animal care course such as our Certificate of Animal Health Care.

This gardening online course is ideal for anyone hoping to work in garden maintenance, landscaping, garden renovation,  horticulture, in parks, gardens, nurseries or garden tourism or home gardeners wanting to enhance their green thumbs!

The Certificate of Garden Maintenance will give you insights into the needs of plants, including how to prune correctly, identify signs of stress, and prevent and remedy disease.

In this gardening online course, you will also learn how to plan, manage and maintain a garden, including organising staff, equipment requirements, weed control, turf management and irrigation systems planning.

Learning Outcomes

Outcomes achieved by undertaking a gardening online course include:

• Learning about planning and managing a garden
• Exploring the cost of maintenance and the expensive and less expensive areas of a garden
• Gaining an understanding of planning and garden checklists
• Studying how to analyse the maintenance of parks and gardens
• Gaining insights into how to organise garden maintenance staff
• Examining garden furnishings and machinery
• Understanding mowers and how to mow
• Learning about chippers, aerators, chain saws, mechanised sprayers, brush cutters, tractors etc.
• Exploring tool maintenance and engine troubleshooting
• Studying plastic, timber and metal outdoor furniture
• Gaining insights into protecting furnishings with stains, paints and preservatives
• Learning about feeding plants including nutritional symptoms and other problems
• Exploring how to conduct an inspection of plants
• Gaining an understanding of soil characteristics and the identification of soil issues
• Studying plant nutrition
• Gaining insights into choosing the right fertiliser
• Examining how to diagnose nutritional problems
• Understanding how to improve soils
• Learning about weed control and the nature and scope of weed problems
• Exploring natural ways to control weeds – suffocation, cultivation, burning etc.
• Gaining an understanding of common groups of weeds and options for treating and recognising different varieties
• Studying weedicides and the types of chemicals found in weedicides
• Gaining insights into which chemicals control which weeds
• Examining chemicals and the law
• Understanding natural pest control and the scope and nature of natural controls
• Learning about cultural, mechanical and physical control methods
• Exploring methods for controlling selected insects
• Studying companion planting
• Gaining insights into the tolerance levels of different plants
• Examining biological controls, natural sprays, mulching and buffer zones
• Understanding chemical pest control and ways of applying chemicals safely
• Learning about Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Exploring pesticides – toxicity, LD50, persistence etc.
• Studying specific chemical treatments

And more!

Tips for Pruning Plants

There are a vast variety of different plants found in gardens. And as you’ll learn in our gardening online course, pruning techniques and timings also differ depending on the plant.

Pruning essentially involves cutting off parts of a plant, but there are specific reasons to do so. Too many people prune just for the sake of pruning! Reasons to prune include:

• To remove dead or diseased wood which could affect other parts of the plant.
• To exercise control over the type of growth that occurs. For example, to promote fruiting, flowering, fruit or foliage
• To control the size and/or shape of a
• To rejuvenate an old plant. For example, to replace old wood with new wood.

The above things are achieved in different ways on different plants:

Removing Dead or Diseased Wood

Some plants are more susceptible to infection than others when you cut into their living tissue. These include Birch trees and some herbaceous plants. Many plants can also find it difficult to contain wood rot once it starts, so the infected wood needs to be cut out before the disease spreads. When removing dead or diseased wood:

• Always cut back into healthy, living tissue, and don’t leave any diseased wood on a plant after pruning.
• Use sharp tools, make your cuts sharp and clean and don’t tear or bruise plants. Your tools should also be clean as when pruning diseased wood they may pick up disease spores which can be transferred to healthy wood. It is recommended you dip your secateurs in an antiseptic in between pruning different plants.

Controlling the Type of Growth

There are three main types of plant growth – roots, flowers/fruit and vegetative top growth (for example, leaves and stems). Discouraging one type of growth can help redirect the effort of the plant into other types of growth. For example:

• Removing all fruit and flowers will usually stimulate vegetative growth. The difference between flower and vegetative buds is usually determined by their shape. Flower buds are plumper than vegetative (ie. leaf or stem) buds. Sometimes plants can also have mixed buds, where there are both flowers and shoots within the one bud. This occurs commonly in the terminal buds of apples. If you cut a bud open and look at it with a magnifying glass, you can usually see the premature leaves or flowers.
• Removing side shoots will generally cause a plant to grow taller more quickly.
• Removing the growth tips will cause a plant to develop more side-shoots and become bushier.
• Thinning out fruit and flowers will decrease the total number of fruit and flowers, but will usually improve the size and quality of the remaining fruit.
• Cutting a plant back excessively will cause a flush of lush growth in the next growing season.
• Cutting the roots of a plant by plunging a spade into the soil or digging a trench, will force a flush of new growth in the roots closer to the base of the plant, particularly in plants with fibrous root systems. This “root pruning” is used to either prepare a plant for transplanting or to confine the roots from spreading into areas where they are not wanted. However, this treatment can cause poor health or death in some plants, particularly if the cuts are made too close to the trunk of the plant. So be careful!

Controlling A Plant’s Shape and Size

Different plants have different levels of tolerance to hard cutting. With some plants, you can remove fifty per cent of the foliage and improve vigour and health. With other types, removing too much foliage will commonly cause them to die.

A plant’s tolerance to pruning is typically referred to as a percentage. For example, Acacias can be cut back by up to 20 per cent. This means that if more than 20 per cent of the top growth is removed, the plant is likely to suffer. Other tips to controlling a plant’s shape and size include:

• If large branches are growing in a position where you don’t want them, it is valid to remove them.
• If foliage is spreading over a pathway, it is valid to cut it back.
• Frequent light pruning is nearly always better for a plant than irregular heavy pruning.
• If a branch that bears fruit and flowers hangs over a pool, then removal of the branch may be
• If a plant in a garden design is growing out of shape, then pruning to restore the initial design intention is recommended.

Rejuvenating A Plant

The lifespan of many plants is generally lengthened by regular pruning. To rejuvenate a plant:

• Remove old wood and leave newer wood. Roses are typically pruned this way in temperate climates over a period of years. The younger growth emerging from the base of the plant is left if it is strong, while the older woody stems are cut out. The lifespan of a rose is increased greatly by this method.
• Many annuals can be rejuvenated and given a second or third life at flowering due to pruning.
• An old vigorously growing plant that has become too large can be refreshed and reshaped by pruning.

What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

IPM combines the use of chemical, biological and cultural practices to control insect pests in agricultural production. It aims to use natural parasites or predators to control pests and use selective pesticides as a backup only.

For IPM to be effective, producers need to be familiar with the life cycle and crop thresholds of pests and to act when pest numbers begin to impact crop growth and cause economic damage.

Cultural control

This is the non-chemical management of pests using mechanical or manual means to change the crop and soil environment to discourage pest establishment.

Biological control

This is where parasitic or predatory mites and insects help to control insects that affect the productivity and quality of crops.

Chemical control

This involves the use of pesticides in pest management. It is used in IPM when cultural and biological control is not enough to protect crop productivity. Elective insecticides are chosen to target certain pests leaving the beneficial population unharmed.

Gain the skills and knowledge to enter the garden sector, start your own business or enhance your own gardening skills with a gardening online course such as our Certificate of Garden Maintenance.